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Compressors can be connected in series to increase their discharge pressure (compression ratio) or they can be connected in parallel to increase their flow capacity. Series compressors on the same shaft can usually be protected by a single anti-surge control system.
When driven by different shafts, they require separate anti-surge systems, although an overall surge bypass valve can be common to all surge controllers through the use of a high signal selector. This eliminates the interaction that otherwise would occur between surge valves, as the opening of a bypass around one stage not only would increase the flow through the higher stages but also would decrease it through the lower ones. In some installations, this interaction has been found to be of less serious consequence than the time delay caused by the use of a single overall bypass surge valve, which cannot quickly increase flow in the upper stages. In such installations it is best to duplicate the complete surge controls around each compressor in series.
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