게시판 > 질답게시판 > 완충용액에 대하여.

Stefano

09-03-31 23:57

(0) 질문의 글에서 불필요한 빈줄을 사용하지 말아주세요.

(1) 완충용액은 용액에 산 또는 알카리를 첨가해도 pH가 크게 변화하지 않도록 하는 용액을 말하는데 대개 약산과 강염기, 강산과 약염기로부터 만들어지는 염들을 사용합니다.
예 NaOAc, NH4Cl,

(2) 따라서 질문에서 설명한 반응들이 바로 완충기능을 하고 있다는 증거입니다.
예를들어 용액에 H+를 주입하는 경우 pH가 내려가야 하는데 추가로 들어온 H+를 NH3가 반응하여 H+의 농도를 낮추어 주기 때문에 pH변화가 나타나지 않도록 하는 것이지요. H+가 산성을 나타내려면 H2O와 만나 H3+O상태로 있지 않기 때문에 pH는 줄어들지 않지요(즉 H+를 주입했는데도 산도가 늘어나지 않는 역할을 해주고 있지요)

반대로 염기(OH-)를 넣었을 때에도 OH-로 남아있지 않고 NH4+가 OH-와 반응해서 NH4OH로 되면서 pH증가 (염기도 증가) 현상이 억제되는 것이지요.

(3) Acid & Base에 관한 기본개념과 pH계산 Buffering Function 등에 관해서는 이곳에 아마 가장 잘 설명되어 있는 것 같습니다. 카나다의 브리티시 컬럼비아 대학교 화학과에서 만들어둔 자료인데 아주 훌륭합니다.
http://www.chem.ubc.ca/courseware/pH/launch.html

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