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ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ | contents |
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½ºÅ͵ð | study |
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ÆßÇÁÀÇ °³¿ä |
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±Û¾´ÀÌ : ¿î¿µÀÚ °íÀ¯ID : ¿î¿µÀÚ
³¯Â¥ : 00-00-00 00:00
Á¶È¸ : 19603
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ÆßÇÁÀÇ °³¿ä
1. ÆßÇÁ¶õ?
¾×ü¿¡ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÁÖ¾î Àú¾ÐºÎ¿¡¼ °í¾ÐºÎ·Î À̼ÛÇÏ´Â ±â°è.
2. ÆßÇÁÀÇ ±âº» ´É·Â
a. Suction Head(ÈíÀÔ¼öµÎ : ²ø¾î ¿Ã¸®´Â ´É·Â)
Åë»ó ÆßÇÁÀÇ Suction Head´Â 6~8M°¡ º¸ÅëÀ̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÆßÇÁÀÇ ±¸Á¶»ó
Àý´ë Áø°øÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÓÆç·¯ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ Áõ´ë½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº Discharge Head°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í
Suction Head¿Í´Â ¹«°üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
b. Discharge Head(ÅäÃâ¼öµÎ : ¹Ð¾î ¿Ã¸®´Â ´É·Â)
ÆßÇÁÀÇ ±¸Á¶³ª Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ó¸¶µçÁö °¡´É.
3. ÆßÇÁÀÇ ¿ëµµ
a. ³·Àº °÷¿¡¼ ³ôÀº °÷À¸·Î À̼ÛÇÒ ¶§.
b. ³·Àº ¾Ð·Â¿¡¼ ³ôÀº ¾Ð·ÂÃøÀ¸·Î À̼ÛÇÒ ¶§.
c. ÁÖ¾îÁø ½Ã°£³»¿¡ À¯Ã¼ÀÇ À¯·®À» Áõ°¡ ½Ãų ¶§.
4. »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö´Â ¿ë¾î.
a. Capacity (Q) : ´ÜÀ§ ½Ã°£³»¿¡ È帣´Â À¯Ã¼ÀÇ ¿ëÀû
.
GPM( Gallon per Minute)
H3/Hr( cubic meter per hour)
b. Head (H) : ÆßÇÁ°¡ ¿Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯Ã¼ÀÇ ³ôÀÌ(m), ÆßÇÁ°¡ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾Ð·Â(kg/cm2)
static pressure head
dynamic velocity head
static elevation head
c. Pressure (P) : ´ÜÀ§ ¸éÀû´ç ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â Èû
Force/area = PSI ¶Ç´Â kg/cm2
Gauge Pressure
Absolute Pressure = gauge Pressure + ´ë±â¾Ð(Atmosphere)
d. Velocity (V) : ÆßÇÁÀÇ ¹è°ü¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯¼öÀ̸ç Åë»ó Æò±ÕÄ¡ »ç¿ë
V = Q/A, ft/sec or m/s
e. Friction Loss (Hf) : À¯Ã¼°¡ °ü¼ÓÀ» È带 ¶§ °ü³»¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¼Õ½Ç.
ÁÖ¿ä ¿µÇâÀÎÀÚ : °î°ü, °ü°æÀÇ º¯È, °¢Á¾ ¹ëºê·ù
À¯Ã¼ ÀÚüÀÇ ¼Ò¿ëµ¹ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¶Âû ¼Õ½Ç.
f. Suction Head
Static Suction Head = Ps + Hs
Total Suction Head = Static Suction Head - Hfs
Ps : ÈíÀԾ׸鿡¼ ¾Ð·Â.
Hs : ÈíÀԾ׸éÀÇ ³ôÀÌ.
Hfs : ÈíÀÔ°üÀÇ ¸¶Âû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç.
g. Discharge Head
Static Discharge Head = Hd + Pd
Total Discharge Head = Static Discharge Head + Hdf
Pd = ÅäÃâ¾×¸é¿¡¼ ¾Ð·Â.
Hd = ÅäÃâ¾×¸éÀÇ ³ôÀÌ.
Hdf = ÅäÃâ°üÀÇ ¸¶Âû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç.
h. System Head ( TDH)
Total Differential Head = Discharge Head - Suction Head
i. Bernoulli's Equation
Pressure Head(¾Ð·Â¼öµÎ) + Velocity Head(¼Óµµ¼öµÎ) + Elevation Head(À§Ä¡¼öµÎ) = Const(»ó¼ö)
P/¥ã + ¥ô©÷/2g + Z = const.
P : À¯Ã¼ÀÇ ¾Ð·Â.
¥ã : À¯Ã¼ÀÇ ºñÁß·®.
¥ô : À¯Ã¼ÀÇ Æò±Õ¼Óµµ
9 : Á߷°¡¼Óµµ
Z : À§Ä¡ÀÇ ³ôÀÌ.
j. Net Positive Suction Head ( NPSH)
À¯Ã¼ÀÇ Æ÷ÈÁõ±â¾ÐÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏ¸é¼ ÆßÇÁ¿¡ À¯ÀԵǴ À¯Ã¼¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¾ç.
@ NPSHa(°¡¿ëÇÑ Á¤¹Ì À¯È¿ ÈíÀÔ ¼öµÎ)
À¯Ã¼ÀÇ Total Suction head ¿Í Vapour PressureÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
NPSHa = Hs + Hatm - Hvp (Àý´ë¾ÐÀ¸·Î Ç¥±â)
@ NPSHr(¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Á¤¹Ì À¯È¿ ÈíÀÔ ¼öµÎ)
ÆßÇÁ³»¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ³·Àº ºÎÀ§ÀÇ À¯Ã¼¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ °¨¼Ò
@ NPSHa > NPSHr
NPSHa´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã NPSHrº¸´Ù Ä¿¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
¿©À¯À²Àº Àû¾îµµ 1.5M ¶Ç´Â 20%ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
@ NPSH¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °æ¿ì.
1. ÆßÇÁ¸¦ À¯Ã¼¸éÀ§¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¶§.
2. ÈíÀÔÅÊÅ©¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ °É·Á ÀÖÀ» ¶§.
3. Áõ±â¾ÐÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº ÆßÇÁ¸¦ À̼ÛÇÒ ¶§.
4. ÈíÀÔ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ ¶óÀÎÀÌ ±æ ¶§.
5. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Çؼö¸éº¸´Ù »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô°Ô ¼³Ä¡µÉ ¶§.
k. Cavitation
1. ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ °¨¼Ò(impeller eyeºÎ)·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÈ ±âÆ÷°¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ Áõ°¡(impeller endºÎ)·Î
ÀÎÇØ ÆÄ¿µÇ´Â Çö»ó. Áï, NPSHa <= NPSHr ÀÏ °æ¿ì
2. NPSHrÀÇ ÃøÁ¤¹æ¹ý(hydraulic institute standards)
ÁÖ¾îÁø À¯·®°ú ¾çÁ¤, ȸÀü¼ö¿¡¼ ¾çÁ¤À» 3%ÇÏ°µÇ°Ô ÈíÀÔÁ¶°ÇÀ» º¯È¯ ½ÃÄ×À» ¶§
ÃøÁ¤µÈ NPSHaÀÇ °ªÀ» NPSHrÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
3. ÄɺñÅ×À̼ÇÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Çö»ó.
¼ÒÀ½(noise)
Áøµ¿(vibration)
ÆßÇÁ ºÎÇ°µéÀÇ ¼Õ»ó.
l. Power (P)
@ Pump Input Power (Pi)
¿øµ¿±â¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÆßÇÁ¸¦ ¿îÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ¿·Â.
Break Horse Power (BHP : Ãൿ·Â)
BHP = T x N / 71620
N = ÃàÀÇ È¸Àü¼ö (RPM)
T = Åä¿ÀÅ©, kg-cm
°øĪ°î¼±»ó µ¿·Â(Pi) : ¹°À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇèÇÑ °ª.
Pi(liquid) = Pi(water) x SG(liquid)
@ Pump Output Power (Po)
ÆßÇÁ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾×ü¿¡ °ø±ÞµÇ´Â µ¿·Â.
Liquid Horse Power (LHP : ¼öµ¿·Â)
LHP = ¥ãQH
¥ã : ºñÁß·®.
m. Efficiency (Eff)
¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ °¡ÇØÁØ µ¿·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÏÇÑ ¾ç.
Eff(%) = Output Power (Po)/Input Power(Pi)
= { m©ø/hr x Head(m) x Sg} / { 367.2 x Pi(kW) }
µ¿·Â¼Õ½Ç (P (loss)) = Pi - Po
¼Õ½Ç¿äÀÎ : Hydraulic losses in the pump impeller and casing
Mechanical losses in the pump bearing housing
Mechanical losses in the shaft seal.
n. Affinity Laws(»ó»ç ¹ýÄ¢)
1. ȸÀü¼öÀÇ ºñ¸¦ ¾Ë¸é À¯·®, ¾çÁ¤, µ¿·Â, NPSH¸¦ À¯ÃßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Q2 = Q1 ( N2 / N1 )
TDH2 = TDH1 ( N2 / N1 ) ©÷
P2 = P1 ( N2 / N1) ©ø
NPSHr2 = NPSHr1 ( N2/ N1 ) ©ø
ȸÀü¼öÀÇ 10%º¯À§³»¿¡¼ °è»êµÈ È¿À² ¹× NPSH´Â °ÅÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
2. ÀÓÆç·¯ÀÇ ºñ¸¦ ¾Ë¸é À¯·®, ¾çÁ¤, µ¿·ÂÀ» À¯ÃßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Q2 = Q1 ( D2 / D1)
TDH2 = TDH1 (D2 / D1 ) ©÷
P2 = P1 ( D2 / D1 ) ©ø
ÀÓÆç·¯ÀÇ ¿Ü°æ ºñÀÇ 5% ¹üÀ§³»¿¡¼ °è»êµÈ È¿À²Àº °ÅÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ü, NPSHr´Â ÀÓÆç·¯ÀÇ ºñ·Î´Â °è»êÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
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