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Physical Constants and Conversions






Basic





  • Speed of light in vacuum c = 2.997 924 580 e8 m/s (exact)


  • Planck's constant


    • h = 6.6260755e-34 J-s

    • h = 4.136e-15 eV-s

    • hbar = h/2\pi = 1.05457266e-34 J-s

    • hbar = 6.57e-16 eV-s



  • electron charge q = 1.60217733e19 coulomb


  • Gravitational Constant G 6.7259e-11 N m**2/kg**2


  • Boltzmann's constant


    • k = 1.380658e-23 J/K

    • k = 8.617e-5 eV/K



  • Stephan-Boltzmann constant \sigma = 5.67051e-8 W/m**2/K**4





Electrical




  • Permittivity of free space


    • \epsilon = 8.854e-12 F/m = 1/c**2\mu

    • \epsilon = 55.3 e/V-micron



  • Permeability of free space \mu = 4 \pi e-7 H/m or Tesla/ampere

  • Coulomb constant 8.988e9 N-m**2/coul**2


  • Wavelength of a 1eV photon 1.243e-6 m

  • thermal electron voltage (r.t.) kT/q = 25.86 mv

  • energy of electron (r.t.) kT = .02586 eV

  • energy (1 electron volt) 1 ev = 1.602e-19 J

  • Quantum Hall Resistance 25812.8056 ohms




Nuclear





  • Electron Rest Mass 9.1093897e-28 g

  • Proton Rest Mass 1.6726231e-24 g

  • Neutron Rest Mass 1.6749286e-24 g

  • Magnetic flux quantum (hc/2e) 2.06783461e-15 Wb

  • Quantum of circulation (h/2m_e) 3.63694807e-4 m**2/s

  • Specific Electron Charge -e/m_e - 1.75881962e11 Coul/kg

  • Electron Magnetic Moment \mu_e 9.2847701e-24 J/T

  • Bohr Magneton 9.2740154e-24 J/Tesla

  • Nuclear Magneton e h-bar/2m_p 5.0507866e-27 J/T

  • Proton Magnetic Moment \mu_p 1.41060761e-26 J/T


Chemistry/Thermo




  • Faraday Constant F 9.6485309e4 Coulombs/mole

  • Gas Constant R 8.314510 J/K/mole

  • energy (calories) 1 cal = 4.184 J

  • Bohr radius .529 angstrom

  • Avogadro's number 6.0221367e23 atoms/mole


  • Molar volume

    • at 273.15K 1e5 Pa 22.71108e-3 m**3/mole
    • at 273.15K 1 atm 22.41410e-3 m**3/mole



  • atomic mass unit 1.6605402e-24 g




Pressures




  • Standard pressure (1 atm) 1.01325e5 Pa (Newton/m**2)

  • 1 Torr = 1 mm Hg = 133.3 N/m**2 = 133.3 Pa

  • 1 psi = 6.89e3 Pa





Radioactivity




  • 1 Curie 3.7e10 counts/s




Astronomical Units




  • Solar Mass 1.989e33 g

  • Solar Radius 6.9599e10 cm

  • Solar luminosity 3.826e33 ergs/s

  • Gravity at solar surface 2.74e4 cm/s**2

  • Earth mass 5.976e27 g

  • Earth equatorial radius 6378.164 km

  • Gravity at earth's surface 980.665 cm/s**2

  • Astronomical Unit 1.4959780e13 cm

  • Solar effective temperature 5800K

  • Solar magnitude -26.73

  • Solar constant (1976) .1353 W/cm**2

  • Julian century 36525 ephemeris days

  • Tropical year (1900.0) 365.242 days

  • Tropical year (1900.0) 3.1557e7 ephemeris seconds

  • Ephemeris Day 86400 ephemeris seconds

  • solar motion velocity 19.7 km/s

  • Julian date for 1 Jan 1981: 2444605.5 days

  • parsec 3.261633 light years

  • parsec 3.085678e18 cm

  • light year 9.460530e17 cm

  • Xu 1.00208e-11 cm

  • flux unit = Jansky = 1e-26 W/m**2/Hz

  • Hubble constant 100 km/s/Mpc




Optical Constants




  • 1 candle = 1 lumen/steradian

  • 1 candle/m**2 = 3.142e-4 lambert

  • 1 lambert = 2.054 candles/in**2

  • 1 lux = 1 meter-candle

  • 1 lux = .0929 foot-candle

  • 1 lumen = 1 candle into an angle of 1 steradian

  • 1 lumen = .001495 watts of light at 546 nm
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