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  [Áú¹®] Internal Energy / Enthalpy
  ±Û¾´ÀÌ : ¿ëºÀ   °íÀ¯ID : yongbong     ³¯Â¥ : 11-09-22 09:45     Á¶È¸ : 3486    
´ÙÀ½Àº Wikipedia¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
 
1.0 Internal Energy
 
In thermodynamics the internal energy is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system.  
It is the energy needed to create the system, but excludes the energy to displace the system's surroundings,
any energy associated with a move as a whole, or due to external force fields.
Internal energy has two major components, kinetic energy and potential energy. The kinetic energy is due
to the motion of the system's particles (translations, rotations, vibrations), and the potential energy is associated
with the static constituents of matter, static electric energy of atoms within molecules or crystals,
and the static energy of chemical bonds.
 
2.0 Enthalpy
 
Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system.
It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the amount of energy
required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure.
 
Chemists routinely use H as the energy of the system, but the pV term is not stored in the system, but rather
in the surroundings, such as the atmosphere. When a system, for example, n moles of a gas of volume V
at pressure P and temperature T, is created or brought to its present state from absolute zero,
energy must be supplied equal to its internal energy U plus pV, where pV is the work done in pushing
against the ambient (atmospheric) pressure. This additional energy is therefore stored in the surroundings and
can be recovered when the system collapses back to its initial state.
 
Á¦°¡ ±Ã±ÝÇÑ °ÍÀº P (¶Ç´Â V)¶ó´Â °Íµµ °á±¹Àº ºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿îµ¿ (Translational Movement)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±×·¸´Ù¸é P(¶Ç´Â V)¶ó´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöµµ À§ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ µû¸£¸é °á±¹Àº Internal Energy¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǴ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â°Ô ¾Æ´Ò±î¿ä?
¿­¿ªÇÑ 1¹ýÄ¢ (ȤÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö º¸Á¸ ¹ýÄ¢)¿¡ Internal Energy°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÁ¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ÂÀ» µí ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Smith ¿­¿ªÇÐÃ¥À» º¸¸é Enthaply´Â ±×³É Á¤ÀÇµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çϴµ¥, ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̴ ¾ø´Ù°í º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
(Isobaric Process ¿¡¼­ dQ=dH°¡ µÇ¾î¼­ Æí¸®ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸éÀº ÀÖÁö¸¸)
 
±×·¯³ª Åë»ó ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Energy Balance¸¦ Enthalpy·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÁ¼­´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ°í, ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¾î¶² System (¶Ç´Â Controlled Volume)ÀÇ Total Energy¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â µíÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
 
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Total Energy´Â Internal Energy Àϱî¿ä? Enthalpy Àϱî¿ä?

ÀåÇö¼ö jddast   11-09-23 08:50
Enthalpy¿¡ ¼³¸í Àß³ª¿ÍÀֳ׿ä. ùÁÙ¿¡ ¿£Å»ÇÇ´Â ¿­¿ªÇнýºÅÛÀÇ total energy¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿£Å»ÇÇ°¡ ±×³É Á¤ÀÇµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çϴ°ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ³»ºÎ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ±â¿¡ ÀÌ·± Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¸±â¿¡ Àý´ë°¡Ä¡´Â ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ¾ø°í ±× Â÷À̸¸ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

H=U+PV
¿ëºÀ yongbong   11-09-27 16:25
¾Ð·ÂÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ ±âüºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿îµ¿°ú Ãæµ¹À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¸íÈ®ÇØ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÚÀ¯³«ÇÏÇÏ´Â ¹°Ã¼¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼¶§ ¹°Ã¼ÀÇ ¼Óµµ°¡ ºÙ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹°Ã¼ÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌÁö¿ä.
À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾î ¼ÓµµÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀε¥, À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¿îµ¿¿¡³ÊÁö·Î º¯È¯µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä.

¹Ý¸é ±âü ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¿ÏÀüź¼ºÃ¼¶ó°í »ý°¢Çϸé
±âüºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿îµ¿/Ãæµ¹¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¼Õ½Ç¾øÀÌ ¾Ð·Â(±×¸®°í ºÎÇÇ)¶ó´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù°í »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.
°á±¹ ¿ÏÀüź¼ºÃ¼ÀÌ³Ä ¾Æ´Ï³Ä, ¶Ç´Â ¿ÏÀüź¼ºÃ¼¶õ ¹«¾ðÀΰ¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¿Å°ÜÁö´Â µí ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
½ºÅ×Æijë Stefano   11-10-03 15:43
SystemÀÇ Total Energy´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ´À³Ä¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 

À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁö, ¿îµ¿¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ¸é  ³»ºÎ¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ¿ÜºÎ¿¡³ÊÁö(=P*V)ÀÌÁö¸¸ ±× ¹Û¿¡µµ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹ë·±½º¸¦ ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.  ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î È­ÇйÝÀÀ¿¡³ÊÁö, ÇÙ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡³ÊÁö, µîµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¹ë·±½º ¼ö½Äµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù .

º£¸£´ºÀÌ ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀº óÀ½¿¡´Â À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ¿îµ¿¿¡³ÊÁö¸¸À¸·Î µÈ ¼ö½ÄÀ¸·Î Mechanical Energy ¹ë·±½º ¼ö½ÄÀ¯µµµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ±× ÈÄ ¿£Å»ÇÇ, Work, Friction, µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÃÑ°ý ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹ë·±½º ¼ö½Ä(Total Energy Balance Equation)À¸·Î È®´ëµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¿ëºÀ yongbong   11-10-06 16:18
¼³¸íÀÌ Á¶±Ý ºÎÁ·Çß´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
À§Ä¡¿¡³ÊÁö¿Í ¿îµ¿¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Á¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
   

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